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Engineering strain critically affects the properties of materials and has extensive applications in semiconductors and quantum systems. However, the deployment of strain-engineered nanocatalysts faces challenges, in particular in maintaining highly strained nanocrystals under reaction conditions. Here, we introduce a morphology-dependent effect that stabilizes surface strain even under harsh reaction conditions. Using four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM), we found that cube-shaped core-shell Au@Pd nanoparticles with sharp-edged morphologies sustain coherent heteroepitaxial interfaces with larger critical thicknesses than morphologies with rounded edges. This configuration inhibits dislocation nucleation due to reduced shear stress at corners, as indicated by molecular dynamics simulations. A Suzuki-type cross-coupling reaction shows that our approach achieves a fourfold increase in activity over conventional nanocatalysts, owing to the enhanced stability of surface strain. These findings contribute to advancing the development of advanced nanocatalysts and indicate broader applications for strain engineering in various fields. 

A new genus and species of halictine bees (Halictinae: Halictini: Mexalictina) is described and figured from a mid-elevation forest in northwestern Costa Rica.Meliamelitta vulcanusgen. and sp. n. is allied toMexalictusEickwort but differs in the structure of the labral basal elevation, the obtuse epistomal sulcus, the elongate mandibles, the pectinate inner metatibial spur, the unique pterostigma, and the sculpturing of the basal area of the propodeum, among other features. A key is appended to the genera and subgenera of Mesoamerican, Central American, and Caribbean Halictinae to facilitate the recognition of the genus. 

Taxonomic notes are presented for the exclusively cleptoparasitic halictine bee subtribe Sphecodina (Halictinae: Halictini). Keys are presented to the Western and Eastern Hemisphere genera of Sphecondina. In the New World fauna, the genusMelissocleptisGonçalves is considered a subgenus ofAustrosphecodesMicheners. l., and the following species transferred:Austrosphecodes(Melissocleptis)albifacies(Gibbs),A. (M.)capriciosus(Schrottky),A. (M.)coriae(Moure & Hurd),A. (M.)diablotinus(Gibbs),A. (M.)genaroi(Engel),A. (M.)nigritus(Ashmead),A. (M.)tainoi(Engel),A. (M.)variabilis(Schrottky) comb. n. A key is provided to the subgenera ofMicrosphecodesEickwort & Stages. l., withTrichosphecodessubgen. n., established for those species with elongate ocular setae. Keys are also presented for the species ofMicrosphecodes s. str. andTrichosphecodes, along with the descriptions of the speciesMicrosphecodes(Microsphecodes)eickwortisp. n.,M. (M.)multirugosussp. n.,M. (M.)quechuasp. n., andM. (Trichosphecodes)trichophthalmussp. n. The Brazilian speciesNesosphecodes depressusGonçalves is transferred toNotoclopsgen. n., resulting in the new combinationNotoclops depressus(Gonçalves) comb. n. A key is presented to New World subgenera ofSphecodesLatreille, with the following new or resurrected groups:ProteranerRobertson,DrepaniumRobertson,SphecodiumRobertson,Asphecodiumsubgen. n., andBoreosphecodessubgen. n. The following new species are described among New WorldSphecodes:Sphecodes(Asphecodium)brevisulcatussp. n.,S. (Sphecodium)eustaurossp. n.,S. (S.)electrumsp. n.,S. (Sphecodes)zacatuchesp. n. The genusCaenosphecodesgen. n. is proposed forSphecodes pseudoredivivusAstafurova & Proshchalykin andS. redivivusBlüthgen, differing fromSphecodesby the elongate free part of the marginal cell, in this respect resembling New WorldMicrosphecodes. This results in the combinationsCaenosphecodes pseudoredivivus(Astafurova & Proshchalykin),C.sauteri(Meyer),C. simlaensis(Blüthgen), andC. redivivus(Blüthgen) comb. n. The currently employed characters for subgenera ofEupetersiaBlüthgens. l. fail to distinguish the groups. Accordingly, the key to subgenera is revised and the species newly organized as to subgenera.Cephalosphecodessubgen. n. is established forEupetersia macrocephalaPauly andE.mandibulataBlüthgen,Xanthocleptissubgen. n. is proposed forE.reticulata(Benoist), andPollinicleptissubgen. n. is erected forE.nathaniBaker,E.malayensis(Blüthgen),E.sabahensisPauly, andE.singaporensisPauly. A new species ofNesoeupetersia,E. dnopherasp. n., is described from Sabah, Malaysia and a tentative key provided to species of the subgenus.ThrausmusBuysson andCallosphecodesFriese are treated as independent genera, and the latter considered close toMelittocleptesgen. n., withMelittocleptes insularis(Smith) comb. n. as type species. A key is presented to Old World subgenera ofSphecodes, with the following new or resurrected groups:Proteraneropsissubgen. n.,Paradrepaniumsubgen. n.,Eusphecodessubgen. n.,SabulicolaVerhoeff,Caenocleptessubgen. n.,Xystoclopssubgen. n.,Callocleptessubgen. n., andNomiocleptessubgen. n. 

Two new subgenera are established for enigmatic species of African small carpenter bees, genusCeratinaLatreille (Xylocopinae: Ceratinini).Ceratina foveiferaStrand is most similar toCopoceratinaTerzo & Pauly but differs in integumental coloration and sculpturing and absence of supraclypeal ridges, and is here classified inXestoceratinasubgen. n.Ceratina labrosaFriese is similar toCeratinas. str. andEuceratinaHirashima, Moure, & Daly but differs by the structure of the metasomal terga and male genitalia, and is placed inAlloceratinasubgen. n. 

A system of subgenera is newly proposed for the diverse cuckoo bee genusTriepeolusRobertson (Epeolini: Thalestriina).Eurepeolussubgen. n. is proposed forTriepeolus tristis(Smith) andT.ventralis(Meade-Waldo), together spanning the Palaearctic, whileMesepeolussubgen. n. is established forT.epeolurusRightmyer for a distinctiveEpeolus-like group found in Mesoamerica. 

A new Palearctic species of the cleptoparasitic bee genusDioxysLepeletier & Audinet-Serville (Megachilinae: Dioxyini) is described and figured from southern Spain.Dioxys falsificussp. n. is most similar toD.pumilusGerstäcker, a species that occupies areas more easterly around the Mediterranean (at least from Sardinia eastward and potentially in eastern Morocco eastward). It is possible that historical records ofD.pumilusfrom southern Spain apply toD.falsificus. A revised key is provided to the genera of Dioxyini, and the South AfricanDioxoides alataMichener is transferred toNotodioxytesgen.n. 

Three new species of the cosmopolitan bee genusAnthophoraLatreille are described and figured from North America, all of the subgenusAnthophoroidesCockerell & Cockerell and all based on a series of females and males.Anthophora(Anthophoroides)buchmannisp. n. from Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico;A. (A.)cinerulasp. n. from California, Nevada, Utah, and Arizona, USA; whileA. (A.)kellieaesp. n. is recorded from southern California and Arizona, USA and Baja California, Mexico. An illustrated key is presented to the species ofAnthophoroides. 

Two new species of the scolebythid wasp genusClystopsenellaKieffer (Scolebythidae: Scolebythinae) are described and figured.Clystopsenella mayasp. n., is reported from Belize, representing the northernmost extant occurrence for the genus.Clystopsenella kampasp. n., is described from the southwestern Amazonian region of Madre de Dios, Peru, and intermingles traits of bothC.pacificaLepeco & Melo andC.longiventrisKieffer. A revised key is presented to the species of the genus. 

The self-assembly of shape-anisotropic nanocrystals into large-scale structures is a versatile and scalable approach to creating multifunctional materials. The tetrahedral geometry is ubiquitous in natural and manmade materials, yet regular tetrahedra present a formidable challenge in understanding their self-assembly behavior as they do not tile space. Here, we report diverse supracrystals from gold nanotetrahedra including the quasicrystal (QC) and the dimer packing predicted more than a decade ago and hitherto unknown phases. We solve the complex three-dimensional (3D) structure of the QC by a combination of electron microscopy, tomography, and synchrotron X-ray scattering. Nanotetrahedron vertex sharpness, surface ligands, and assembly conditions work in concert to regulate supracrystal structure. We also discover that the surface curvature of supracrystals can induce structural changes of the QC tiling and eventually, for small supracrystals with high curvature, stabilize a hexagonal approximant. Our findings bridge the gap between computational design and experimental realization of soft matter assemblies and demonstrate the importance of accurate control over nanocrystal attributes and the assembly conditions to realize increasingly complex nanopolyhedron supracrystals. 

{"Abstract":["Extending Anthophila research through image and trait digitization (Big-Bee) indexed biotic interactions and review summary. Declining populations of bees impact plant-pollinator interactions in both natural and agricultural systems. While bees and other insects pollinate most wild plants and are critical to sustaining a large proportion of global food production, they are decreasing in both numbers and diversity. Our understanding of the factors driving these declines is limited because we lack sufficient data on the distribution of bee species, and on the behavioral and anatomical traits that may make them either vulnerable or resilient to human-induced environmental changes, such as habitat loss and climate change. Fortunately, wild bees have been collected by researchers and deposited in natural history collections for over 100 years, retaining a wealth of associated attributes that can be extracted from specimen images. This project will digitally capture data and images from these historic specimens, develop tools to measure bee traits from these images and generate a comprehensive bee trait and image dataset to measure changes through time. This will increase our understanding of specific traits that put bee species at risk of decline - a critical need for both sustaining our agricultural economy and the conservation of our natural resources. In addition, the large image datasets created by this project can be used for new artificial intelligence identification tools that will help improve our future pollinator observation and monitoring efforts. The Big-Bee project began in 2021 and is funded by the National Science Foundation to mobilize data about worldwide bee species to data aggregators (e.g., iDigBio, GBIF). The Big-Bee Thematic Collection Network (Big-Bee) will create over one million high-resolution 2D and 3D images of bee specimens, representing over 5,000 worldwide bee species, including all of the major pollinating species of the United States. The Big-Bee network includes 13 institutions and partnerships with US government agencies. Novel mechanisms for sharing image datasets will be developed and datasets of bee traits will be available through an open data portal, the Bee Library, for research and education. The Big-Bee project will engage the general public in research through community science via crowdsourcing trait measurements and data transcription from images. In addition, training and professional development for natural history collection staff, researchers, and university students in data science will be provided through the creation and implementation of workshops focusing on bee traits and species identification. All data resulting from this award will be shared with and publicly available through the national digitized biocollections resource, iDigBio.org. This is the first archive of Big-Bee data indexed by Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI). GloBI provides open access to finding species interaction data (e.g., predator-prey, pollinator-plant, pathogen-host, parasite-host) by combining existing open datasets using open-source software. This version of the Big Bee dataset includes interactions that are not just bees. Also in this version, the datasets included in this publication are specifically those institutions in the Big Bee project network and do not represent all bee interaction data found at Global Biotic Interactions. Bee Library Information - Statistics about Big Bee data providers The specimens indexed by GloBI are also found in the Bee Library. To date, the number of specimens and images in the library are listed below. The Bee Library taxonomic backbone is not yet complete, so information regarding the number of species is not yet available. Further summary statistics are available in the Big Bee Metrics from the Bee Library and GloBI - July 27 2022.pdf file. From Bee Library (partner indexed records) 1,218,256 occurrence records 992,776 (81%) georeferenced 350,105 (29%) occurrences imaged 1,004,491 (82%) identified to species 9 families 523 genera 10,808 species 11,492 total taxa (including subsp. and var.) Statistics per Collection (partner collections) Collection Occurrences Georeferenced Imaged Interactions Indexed in GloBI (all) Interactions Indexed in GloBI (bees) ASU Hasbrouck Insect Collection - Bee Records 13219 13217 2047 19774 3834 Bee Biology and Systematics Laboratory, USDA-ARS Pollinating Insect-Biology, Management, Systematics Research 561820 547461 0 0 0 California Academy of Sciences 873 286 3 16957 117 California Academy of Sciences - Type Collection 1838 59 83 0 0 Essig Museum of Entomology, University of California Berkeley 58548 55022 0 0 0 Florida State Collection of Arthropods 12290 12246 8979 0 0 Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University 22020 21099 11595 6476 1535 Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 16442 7420 3372 0 0 San Diego Natural History Museum Entomology Department 4065 1690 1980 8678 90 University of California Santa Barbara Invertebrate Zoology Collection 8678 8416 2646 1940 659 University of Colorado Museum of Natural History, Entomology Collection 18043 18043 0 9589 4723 University of Kansas Natural History Museum Entomology Division 464896 275180 304405 119947 112674 University of Michigan Museum of Zoology Division of Insects 17738 15143 14995 53602 4120 University of New Hampshire, Donald S. Chandler Entomological Collection 17685 17393 0 3137 3137 USGS Native Bee Inventory and Monitoring Lab 101 101 0 0 0 Generated on: GloBI Data Review Report - Datasets in Review from Global Biotic Interactions GloBI Data Review Report Datasets under review: - University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Division of Insects accessed via https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/ummz-ummzi/archive/d9282e51f29f3157af2e5869a09ea8a111ddea34.zip on 2023-04-25T19:48:17.288Z - Arizona State University Hasbrouck Insect Collection accessed via https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/asu-asuhic/archive/4ed77cb9ca8e526269d4678692e2844c950022f8.zip on 2023-04-25T19:49:18.649Z - California Academy of Sciences Entomology and Entomology Type Collection accessed via https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/cas-ent/archive/47d385b73a63aa379cd5e6d3615005ba78b0ffc1.zip on 2023-04-25T19:50:01.820Z - University of California Berkeley, Essig Museum of Entomology accessed via https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/emec/archive/93b17a3db566baa001ce9190e6fbdb60fa99dda4.zip on 2023-04-25T19:50:38.682Z - Florida State Collection of Arthropods accessed via https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/fsca/archive/682f11686317ae81959a043bd6b493ddfc06c438.zip on 2023-04-25T19:51:09.435Z - University of Kansas Natural History Museum accessed via https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/ku-semc/archive/a9c7cb81050eef68b4428667206a219da458f517.zip on 2023-04-25T19:51:51.861Z - Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County accessed via https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/lacm-lacmec/archive/dafbf532c53fbadba126c81186c26d52677aa781.zip on 2023-04-25T19:53:50.488Z - Harvard University M, Morris P J (2021). Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. accessed via https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/mcz/archive/b33635a9fc75fd7931ad968cbc11180e6467bfd7.zip on 2023-04-25T20:05:19.619Z - San Diego Natural History Museum accessed via https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/sdnhm-sdmc/archive/7238d8b804f543250eb487b43144e1125fb3688a.zip on 2023-04-25T20:11:18.816Z - University of Colorado Museum of Natural History Entomology Collection accessed via https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/ucm-ucmc/archive/60530dcc82d33c9675a4026ad60dc40bea8f2a91.zip on 2023-04-25T20:11:45.143Z - University of California Santa Barbara Invertebrate Zoology Collection accessed via https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/ucsb-izc/archive/66a4e39589d1dfa299d07985546c4be522ff60d8.zip on 2023-04-25T20:12:06.236Z - University of New Hampshire Donald S. Chandler Entomological Collection accessed via https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/unhc-unhc/archive/d7668a6bb4545dc4da0645ecc383169ba547b0f5.zip on 2023-04-25T20:12:21.404Z Generated on: 2023-04-25 by: GloBI's Elton 0.12.6 (see https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/elton). Note that all files ending with .tsv are files formatted as UTF8 encoded tab-separated values files. https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/text/tab-separated-values indexed_interactions_bees.tsv: All indexed bee interactions datasets.zip: All datasets reviewed for this publication Big Bee Metrics from the Bee Library and GloBI - Apr 25, 2023.pdf: Summary statistics from the Bee Library and GloBI about data partners If you have questions or comments about this publication, please open an issue at https://github.com/Big-Bee-Network/issues-observations-and-questions/discussions or contact the authors by email. Funding: The creation of this archive was made possible by the National Science Foundation award Collaborative Research: Digitization TCN: Extending Anthophila research through image and trait digitization (Big-Bee). Award numbers: DBI:2102006, DBI:2101929, DBI:2101908, DBI:2101876, DBI:2101875, DBI:2101851, DBI:2101345, DBI:2101913, DBI:2101891 and DBI:2101850. References: Poelen JH, Simons JD and Mungall CH. (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.08.005. Seltmann KC, Allen J, Brown BV, Carper A, Engel MS, Franz N, Gilbert E, Grinter C, Gonzalez VH, Horsley P, Lee S, Maier C, Miko I, Morris P, Oboyski P, Pierce NE, Poelen J, Scott VL, Smith M, Talamas EJ, Tsutsui ND, Tucker E (2021) Announcing Big-Bee: An initiative to promote understanding of bees through image and trait digitization. Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 5: e74037. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.5.74037 Jorrit Poelen, Tobias Kuhn, & Katrin Leinweber. (2022). globalbioticinteractions/elton: 0.12.5 (0.12.5). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7267926"],"Other":["{"references": ["Seltmann KC, Allen J, Brown BV, Carper A, Engel MS, Franz N, Gilbert E, Grinter C, Gonzalez VH, Horsley P, Lee S, Maier C, Miko I, Morris P, Oboyski P, Pierce NE, Poelen J, Scott VL, Smith M, Talamas EJ, Tsutsui ND, Tucker E (2021) Announcing Big-Bee: An initiative to promote understanding of bees through image and trait digitization. Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 5: e74037. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.5.74037", "Poelen JH, Simons JD and Mungall CH. (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.08.005.", "Jorrit Poelen, Tobias Kuhn, & Katrin Leinweber. (2022). globalbioticinteractions/elton: (0.12.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6385185"]}"]}